These
small sensor nodes are susceptible to many kinds of attacks. For a large-scale
sensor network, it is impractical to monitor and protect each individual sensor
from physical or logical attack. Attacks on sensor networks can be classified
based on layers, including attacks on physical, link (medium access control),
network, transportation, and application layers. Attacks can also be classified
based on the capability of the attacker, like sensor-level attacker and laptoplevel
attacker, etc. A powerful laptop-level adversary can do much more harm
to the network than a malicious sensor node, since it has much better power
supply, as well as large computation and communication capabilities than a
sensor node. Attacks can be also classified into outside attacks and inside attacks.
An outside attacker has no access to most cryptographic materials in
the sensor network. While an inside attacker may have partial key materials
and have the trust from other sensor nodes. Insider attacks are much harder to
detect and defense. In [13], Wood and Stankovic have classified various Denial
of Service (DoS) attacks on sensor networks according to network layers. We
summarize typical attacks on sensor networks and possible defense techniques
in Figure 1. The attacks in Figure 1 are listed according to network layers,
and include most DoS attacks in [13] and several other attacks identified in
other literatures [3, 12].
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