National ID number. In many countries, the government
issues individuals unique identi?¬?cation numbers. In the
United States, this is the Social Security Number.
Although often for a singular purpose (e.g., taxation), the
role of these numbers has expanded to become a standard
common identi?¬?er far exceeding the original intent.
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Companies can limit their liability with regard to PII in several
ways, often by changing what or how information is stored.
Options for reducing potential liability include the following:
Store less. The simplest way to limit potential leaks is to
not have less information to leak. Collecting extra data
that isn??™t being used can increase user concern and irritation
and aggravate the liability in the event of a breach.
Generalize. Instead of storing speci?¬?c information about
a person, the same value can often be reached by storing
data that is less speci?¬?c. For example, rather than store
the date of birth, store the age as a category (over 21, for
example, or between 25 and 35 years old).
Mask/obscure data. Email addresses and other highvalue
PII can be stored for later comparison and lookup
by using a one-way hash.
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