"--MASSON.
8 4 CA IRA ("This will do," "This is the go"): "a proverb of the French
Revolutionists when they were hanging the aristocrats in the streets,
&c., and the burden of one of the most popular revolutionary songs, 'Ca
ira, ca ira, ca ira.'"--MASSON.
8 18 ALL MORALITY,--ARISTOTLE'S, ZENO'S, CICERO'S: Each of these three
has a high place in the history of ethical teaching. Aristotle wrote
the so-called _Nicomachean Ethics_. According to his teaching,
"ethical virtue is that permanent direction of the will which guards
the mean [_to meson_] proper for us... Bravery is the mean between
cowardice and temerity; temperance, the mean between inordinate desire
and stupid indifference; etc." (Ueberweg, _History of Philosophy_,
Vol. I, p. 169). Zeno, who died about 264 B.C., founded about 308 the
Stoic sect, which took its name from the "Painted Porch" (_Stoa
poklae_) in the Agora at Athens, where the master taught. The Stoics
held that men should be free from passion, and undisturbed by joy or
grief, submitting themselves uncomplainingly to their fate. Such
austere views are, of course, as far as possible removed from those of
the Eudaemonist, who sought happiness as the end of life. Cicero was
the author of De Officiis, "Of Duties."
9 9 ASTROLOGICAL SHADOWS: misfortunes due to being born under an
unlucky star; house of life is also an astrological term.
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