The virtual nature of Java and HTML??”where applications
and pages were coded to work on a specific virtual machine??”offered better security;
these machines couldn??™t do anything malicious and, therefore, applications written to
run on them couldn??™t either. Users were effectively safe, although limited in the scope of
what they could do.
At the end of the 1990s, Microsoft unveiled the successor to ActiveX (among others)
in its .NET Framework. This framework would form Microsoft??™s strategic positioning for
many years to come. Like Java, it provided a virtual machine (the Common Language
Runtime [CLR]) on which applications would run. These applications could do only what
the CLR allowed and were called managed applications. The .NET Framework was much
more sophisticated than the JVM, allowing for desktop and server-side web applications
with differing levels of functionality (depending on which was used). This was part of
???managing??? the code. With the .NET Framework came a new language, C#, but this wasn??™t
the only language that could be used with .
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